Today’s objectives
Why collectivize?
Problem:
How to fuel mass industrialization in cities?
Solution:
Part of the plan
Types of collective farms
Future is here
But not yet here
Three types of kolkhozy in 1918
artel’ became main form of collective farm
Work the fields
for greater good
How kolkhozy were organized
How kolkhozy operated
Bread to state
Pre-1928: collectivization was voluntary
Post-1928: mass, forced collectivization
Discussion:
Why the switch?
Would collectivization have been possible in a democratic state?
Would collectivization be possible today?
Kolektyvizuysya!
How successful was collectivization in fueling industrialization?
Not very, according to data from NEP days
Post-NEP: agricultural surplus was negative (sales to industry \(<\) purchases from industry)
Meet the quota!
Problems before collectivization
Problems after collectivization
why were these “problems” problematic?
Plowing ahead!
Who were the kulaks?
Dekulakization: “destroy kulaks as a class”
Death to kulaks!
Geographic distribution of dekulakization
Temporal distribution of dekulakization
Who was “dekulakized”? (data from Memorial NGO)
Famine deaths in Ukraine (1933 borders)
Explanations for 1933 Ukrainian famine
De zerno?
Os’ de zerno!
Discussion:
How could famine have been avoided?
Avoidable?
NEXT MEETING
Forced Labor and the Gulag (Th, Oct. 2)